Confederate Military Railroads

The Confederate Government constructed several short stretches of track to meet needs that were not of interest to commercial railroads. Very few details have come to light on these projects.

Connection

Status

Centreville, Va. This 5-mile road was built by Capt. Thomas Sharp in early 1862 to ease the supply situation of the army in the Manassas area. General Johnston had selected a winter encampment that was almost impossible to supply by wagon during the winter rains. This railroad, running from Manassas, on the Orange & Alexandria RR, to the camp, replaced the reliance on the wagon road. The railroad was poorly and hastily constructed, using too few ties under the Baltimore & Ohio RR rail; it remained in operation only about a month before Johnston evacuated the area to pull back toward Richmond.
NP, RD 11-19C-61
NP, YE 12-5-61
NP, RD 12-14-61
NA, MG 2-3-62
NA, MG 3-1-62
NP, NOTP 4-1-62
Biography of Thomas R. Sharp
Petersburg, Va. This short line (approximately 1 1/2 mile long) connected all of the railroad depots inside the Petersburg city limits. It must have originally be built of light rail (probably strap), since only very light locomotives were allowed on it (12 ton locomotives). Originally, only in extreme situations were freight trains allowed to use this line.
NP, RD 4-27-61
NP, RD 5-1-61
NP, RD 5-2-61
NA, QM 6-6-61
OR Series 4, Vol. 1, Page 405
OR Series 4, Vol. 1, Page 417
NP, RD 8-15-61
OR Series 4, Vol. 1, Page 484
LVA, R&P 10-11-61
LVA, R&P 10-15A-61
LVA, R&P 10-20-61
LVA, TRED 11-18A-61
NP, RD 2-3A-62
NP, RD 2-5-63
NA, QM 5-9-63
NA, ENG 6-4-63
NA, ENG 7-3A-63
NA, ENG 7-4-63
NA, ENG 8-13-63
NA, QM 10-14A-63
RRBA 12-5-1863

A map prepared by the Confederate Engineer Bureau and the Engineer Officer in charge of the Petersburg defenses in 1863 shows all five of the railroads that entered the city connected at various points near the city center. {Ref: Official Atlas 40/1} I assume these officers would not make an error about such a fact, but I have no other information on the connections. See Confederate Railroad Construction Plans

Montgomery, Al. The Railroad Bureau had a short line (about 1 1/2 miles long) built in Montgomery to connect the Montgomery & West Point and Alabama & Florida (of Alabama) Railroads. Looking at a map makes it clear that at no extra effort, the Montgomery & Eufaula RR was probably also connected by the same line {Ref: Official Atlas 74/3}. It was constructed in early September 1863. It was improved by the Bureau in February 1864 (lowering the grade), using the Montgomery & Eufaula Railroad's workforce under contract.
NA, ENG 5-23-63
NA, QM 8-27-63
RRBAT 9-14-1863
NA, M&E 11-20-63
NA, M&E 2-5-64
NA, M&E 2-5A-64
NA, M&E 2-10-64
NA, M&E 2-10A-64
Richmond, Va. The possibility of rolling stock being trapped north of Richmond if the city fell caused the Government to lay a temporary track on the streets of the city to allow the evacuation of rolling stock south. The track was evidently never used for commercial traffic. The 1/2 mile line connected the Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac RR with the Richmond & Petersburg RR {Ref: Official Atlas 89/2 and 92/1}. Since the track was to be removed, at the city's insistence, at the end of the war, no grading was done to lower the steep hill encountered by the connection. This hill was extremely difficult for locomotives to climb and sometimes required several tries to succeed. See Confederate Railroad Construction Plans for the construction of a permanent track. The heavy grade caused the RR Bureau to recommend the connection of the Richmond & Petersburg RR to the Virginia Central RR.
B5, RCC 4-26-61
NP, RD 4-27-61
NP, RD 5-2-61
NA, QM 6-6-61
OR Series 4, Vol. 1, Page 405
OR Series 4, Vol. 1, Page 417
OR Series 4, Vol. 1, Page 484
NP, RD 7-23-61
NP, RD 8-5-61
NP, RW 8-5A-61
NP, RE 8-10-61
NP, RD 9-18-61
NP, RD 10-19B-61
NP, RD 9-26-61
NP, RD 12-23-61
NP, RW 1-8-62
NP, RD 1-25-62
NP, RD 2-3A-62
OR Series 1, Vol. 11, Pt 3, Page 501
NP, RE 5-28-62
NP, RD 5-28-62
NP, RE 5-31-62
NP, RD 6-4B-62
NP, RE 6-7-62
NP, RD 6-10-62
NP, RD 7-8-62
NP, RE 7-21-62
NP, RD 8-4-62
NP, RE 10-27-62
NP, RD 11-24-62
NP, RD 1-28-63
NP, RS 8-1-63
NA, ENG 6-24-64
NP, RW 9-28-64
NP, RD 10-5-64
Nashville, Tenn. A report to the State Assembly says that money was advanced by the State to connect 3 railroads in the city. A newspaper report confirms the completion of the connection.
NP, RD 9-28A-61
OR Series 1, Vol. 52, Part 2, Page 158
Charleston, S. C. A connection was made between the Charleston & Savannah RR and the South Carolina RR by building a bridge over the Ashley River. The exact date is unknown, but was probably during 1862.
NP, CM 11-18-61
OR Series 1, Vol. 14, Page 573
NA, ENG 10-14B-63
NA, ENG 12-18-63
NA, ENG 12-18A-63
NA, ENG 1-23-64
NA, ENG 2-22I-64
NA, ENG 3-1B-64
NA, ENG 3-16-64
NA, ENG 3-26-64
NA, ENG 3-26B-64
NA, ENG 3-28B-64
NA, ENG 3-28E-64
NA, ENG 5-2B-64
NA, ENG 5-19D-64
Selma, Al. A very short track was run from the Naval Foundry to the Alabama River to allow the easy shipment of coal to the foundry. The spur was about 1500 yards long. An April 1865 map of Selma shows a spur from this spur leading to the city's line of fortifications -- another 500 yards.
NA, ENG 7-18C-63
NA, ENG 7-21-63
New Orleans, La. A switch and short stretch of track was installed to connect the Pontchartrain RR to the Mexican Gulf RR.
ORN Series 2, Vol. 1, Page 653
Northern Virginia A connection was advocated between the Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac RR and the Manassas Gap RR. The line would have been about 25 miles long. Its proximity to the Potomac River would have made it easy to interdict. It is not likely that any serious planning was done on the road.
NP, RD 12-9-61
NP, RD 1-18-62
NP, RD 2-3A-62
NP, RD 2-10A-62
NP, RD 2-22-62
Fayetteville, N. C. A road of about 1.5 miles was planned to link the arsenal to the Western RR (to get coal) and the Cape Fear River (for connection with Wilmington and its railroads). I have found no indication that this road was built.
NP, RD 2-7-62
Augusta, Ga. In 1863, Col. Wadley reported turning over to Capt. Sims railroad iron that had been laid in Augusta. This probably connected the Augusta & Savannah RR to the Georgia RR -- a move recommended by Lee in early 1862.
Savannah, Ga. This 1,400 yard long connection between the Central (of Georgia) RR and the Savannah, Albany & Gulf RR, at Savannah, was recommended to Congress in December of 1861. Though I have no proof that it was constructed, many of the other connections within cities were completed about this time.

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